OnDecember30,2020,theleadersofChinaandtheEUjointlyannouncedthecompletionoftheEU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment,whichisaframeworkagreementdesignedtoreplacetheexistingbilateralinvestmenttreatiesbetweenChinaandEUmemberstatesandbuildunityChina-EUbilateralinvestmentsystem.

　　Thisnegotiationhasgonethrough35roundsofnegotiationsandlastedformorethan7years.Thenegotiationwasoncestalledandacceleratedinthepastoneandahalfyears.Thenegotiationwasfinallycompletedattheendof2020,whichisalsoaftertheRegionalComprehensiveEconomicPartnershipAgreement(RCEP).,Chinahascompletedanothermajoropening-upmeasure,whichisanothersignificantvictoryofmultilateralisminthecourseofyearsofanti-globalization.

　　So,willthecompletionofthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"negotiationshaveanimpactonthestainlesssteelindustry?

　　1.IftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarrierstoChina?

　　Inrecentyears,duetotheEU'scontinuedanti-dumpingofstainlesssteelexportsfrommainlandChina,theEUcurrentlyimposesataxrateofmorethan20%onstainlesssteelfrommainlandChina.Then,iftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarriersagainstChina?

　　ThefirstthingtobeclearisthattheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementdoesnotinvolvetariffissues.Secondly,itisassumedthatthe"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"hascertainbenefitsforstainlesssteelexports,mainlyrelatedtostainlesssteelproducts,suchashouseholdappliances.However,afterthepreliminarynegotiationsarecompleted,theagreementneedstobefurthertransformedintolegalprovisions,whichcanonlycomeintoforceafterapprovalbytheEuropeanParliament.Theprocessisexpectedtostartinthesecondhalfof2021.

　　2.FromtheperspectiveofEuropeanopenareas,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveonChinesestainlesssteelcompaniesgoingglobal?

　　Accordingtorelevantinformation,theChina-EUInvestmentAgreementwilllockintheexistingChineseinvestmentmarketaccessrightsinEurope,whileensuringtheopeningofsensitiveareassuchasenergy,agriculture,fishery,audio-visual,andpublicservicesinEurope.Inaddition,accordingtothe"GeneralAgreementonTradeinServices"(GATS),theEUwillopenuptheserviceindustrytoalargeextent.

　　FromChina'sstandpoint,theEuropeanopenfieldprovidesChineseinvestorswithgreateropportunitiestoentertheEUenergywholesaleandretailmarket,renewableenergymarketandotherfields,andpromotethedevelopmentofChina'snewenergy,automobileandotherrelatedindustries.ForChineseinvestors,theagreementalsomeansthattherearemorepotentialinvestmentopportunitiesintheEU,includingChina'scompetitiveconstructionindustry,telecommunicationsindustry,etc.,whichmaystimulatedomesticdemandforstainlesssteel.

　　However,fromtheperspectiveofstainlesssteelcompanies,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingoutandestablishingplantsintheEUisslim.DuetotherelativelylargeaccumulationofscrapsteelinEurope,Chinesestainlesssteelmillsmayenjoysomeadvantagesinthecostofstainlesssteelsmeltingwhentheygooutandinvestinconstruction.However,allstainlesssteelmillsinEuropecurrentlyuseelectricfurnacesforproduction.IfyougotoEuropetobuildaplant,theoverallcostistoohigh.Secondly,fromademandperspective,Europeanstainlesssteelproductionhasbeendecliningyearbyyear.Inaddition,duetotheimpactofthenewcrownepidemic,theEuropeaneconomyhasfallenintoadownturn,andthedemandsidehasremainedweak.Therefore,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingtoEuropetobuildfactoriesgenerallydoesnotexist.

　　3.FromtheperspectiveofChina'sopenfields,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveondomesticstainlesssteelcompanies?

　　Duringthenegotiations,theareasthatChinapromisedtofurtheropenincludemanufacturing,automobiles,financialservices,healthcare,communications/cloudservices,computerservices,internationalshipping,airtransportation,businessservices,environmentalservices,etc.Atpresent,abouthalfofEU'sdirectinvestmentinChinaisconcentratedinthemanufacturingsector,suchastransportationandtelecommunicationsequipment,chemicals,healthequipment,andsoon.Intheautomotivesector,Chinaagreedtograduallycanceltherequirementsforjointventuresandpromisedmarketaccessfornewenergyvehicles.Inaddition,Chinaagreedtoabolishjointventurerequirementsforcertainindustriesinthefinancialservicesandhealthcaresectors.

　　FromthestandpointoftheEuropeanUnion,theEuropeanUnionhasnewopportunitiesinChina’sautomotive,consumerproducts,biomedicine,financialservices,andmedicalandhealthsectors,butmorelikelyitistheoutputinthetechnicalfield,whichhasabasicimpactontheproductionofthestainlesssteelindustry.No.

　　Insummary,ingeneral,the"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"doesnothaveanypositiveimpactonstainlesssteelandstainlesssteelcompaniesthemselves,butitmaybepositivefortheexportofstainlesssteelproducts.

　　中歐(ōu)投資協定，對(duì)不鏽鋼行業(yè)影響幾何

　　2025年(nián)12月13日，中歐領(lǐng)導人共同宣(xuan)布完成中歐(ou)全面投資🛀協(xie)議(EU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment），這是🤞一個(gè)框架協議，旨(zhǐ)在取代中國(guó)和歐盟成🏃🏻‍♂️員(yuán)國現有的雙(shuang)邊投❓資條約(yue)，構建統一的(de)中歐雙邊投(tou)資制度。

　　這一(yī)談判經曆了(le)35輪磋商，前後(hòu)持續超過7年(nián)，談判曾一度(du)㊙️停滞，近一年(nián)半内有所加(jiā)快，終于在2020年(nián)年底完⭕成談(tan)判，這也是繼(ji)區🈚域全面經(jing)濟夥伴關系(xì)協定（RCEP）之後，中(zhōng)國👣完成的另(ling)一個重大對(dui)🥰外開放舉措(cuò)，也是在🌈多年(nián)的逆全球化(huà)進程中，多邊(biān)主義取得的(de)又一次💜意義(yi)重大的勝利(li)。

　　那麼，“中歐投(tóu)資協定”談判(pàn)的完成，對不(bu)鏽鋼行業會(huì)有影🙇🏻響嗎？

　　一(yī)、如果“中歐投(tou)資協定”達成(chéng)，歐盟對中國(guó)還會有關🈲稅(shuì)壁✔️壘💜麼？

　　近年(nián)來，由于歐盟(meng)對中國大陸(lù)的不鏽鋼出(chu)口持續🏃的反(fǎn)傾🏃‍♀️銷，目前歐(ōu)盟對中國大(da)陸不鏽鋼的(de)征收稅率高(gāo)達20%以🔞上，那麼(me)，如果“中歐投(tou)資協定”達成(chéng)，歐盟對中國(guó)還會有關📞稅(shui)壁壘麼？

　　首先(xian)需要明确的(de)是，“中歐投資(zī)協定”并不涉(she)及關稅🌈問題(ti)。其次，假🌍設“中(zhōng)歐投資協定(dìng)”對不鏽鋼出(chu)口有一定利(lì)💰好，主🧑🏾‍🤝‍🧑🏼要系不(bú)鏽✨鋼的相關(guan)制成品，比如(ru)家電等等。但(dàn)初步談判完(wan)成，協議需進(jìn)一步轉化成(chéng)法律條⛷️文，并(bìng)經過歐洲議(yi)會批準後才(cái)可生效。該過(guo)程預計㊙️将在(zai)2021年下半年才(cái)可開始。

　　二、從(cóng)歐洲開放領(ling)域來看，“中歐(ou)投資協定”對(dui)中國不鏽鋼(gang)企業♌走㊙️出去(qù)有何影響？

　　從(cong)相關資料顯(xiǎn)示來看，中歐(ōu)投資協定将(jiāng)鎖定現有的(de)中國對歐投(tóu)資市場準入(ru)權，同時确保(bao)開放歐洲能(néng)源、農業、漁業(yè)、視聽、公共服(fú)務等敏感領(ling)域。此外，根據(ju)《服務貿易總(zong)協定》（GATS），歐盟将(jiang)在很大程度(du)上開放服務(wu)行業。

　　站在中(zhong)國立場，歐洲(zhōu)開放領域，為(wéi)中國投資者(zhe)提供了更大(dà)的進入歐盟(meng)能源批發零(líng)售市場、可再(zai)生能🔴源市場(chang)等領域的機(ji)會，帶🔆動中國(guo)新能源、汽車(che)等相關産業(yè)的出口貿易(yi)發展。對于中(zhōng)國投資者，該(gāi)協議達成還(hai)意味着在歐(ōu)盟有更多潛(qian)在的投資機(ji)會，包括中國(guo)有競㊙️争優勢(shì)的建築産業(yè)、電信産業等(deng)等，屆時或許(xu)會拉動國内(nèi)不鏽鋼需求(qiu)。

　　但是從不鏽(xiù)鋼企業角度(du)而言，國内不(bú)鏽鋼廠走出(chu)😘去在歐盟建(jian)廠的可能性(xing)微乎其微。由(yóu)于歐洲的廢(fèi)鋼積🔞累量比(bǐ)較大，中國不(bú)鏽鋼鋼廠走(zou)出去投資建(jiàn)設，在不🍓鏽鋼(gāng)冶煉成本上(shàng)可能會享有(yǒu)一些優勢。但(dàn)是目前歐洲(zhōu)的不鏽鋼鋼(gang)廠全部使用(yong)電爐生産，若(ruò)去歐洲建廠(chang)，整體成本過(guo)于高昂。其次(cì)，從需求角度(dù)😄來講，歐洲本(běn)☔土不鏽鋼生(sheng)産逐年下降(jiàng)，加之由于新(xin)冠疫情的影(yǐng)響，歐洲經濟(jì)陷入低迷，需(xū)求端維持弱(ruo)勢。因此，國内(nèi)不鏽鋼☔廠去(qu)歐洲建設工(gong)廠的可能性(xìng)，總體而言不(bu)存在。

　　三、從中(zhōng)國開放領域(yu)來看，“中歐投(tou)資協定”對國(guó)内的不鏽🥰鋼(gāng)企業☎️有何影(ying)響？

　　在談判中(zhong)，中國答應進(jin)一步開放的(de)領域包括制(zhì)造業、汽車、金(jin)融服務業、醫(yi)療健康、通訊(xùn)/雲服務、計算(suàn)機服務、國際(ji)海運、航空運(yun)輸、商業服務(wu)、環境服務等(děng)。目前，大約一(yī)半的歐盟對(dui)華直接投資(zi)集中在制造(zào)業領域，如運(yun)輸和電信設(she)備、化學品、健(jiàn)康設備等等(deng)。而汽車領域(yu)方面，中國同(tong)意逐步取消(xiāo)合資企業要(yào)求，承諾新能(neng)源汽車的市(shi)場準入。此外(wai)，中國同意取(qǔ)消金融服務(wù)業及醫療健(jiàn)康領域中部(bù)分行業的合(he)資要求。

　　站在(zai)歐盟的立場(chang)，歐盟在中國(guó)的汽車、消費(fèi)品、生物醫藥(yao)、金融服務和(he)醫療衛生等(děng)衆多領域出(chu)現了新的機(jī)遇，但更多的(de)可能是技術(shù)領域内的輸(shū)出，對不鏽鋼(gāng)行業生産的(de)影響基本沒(mei)有。

　　綜上所述(shu)，總體而言，“中(zhong)歐投資協定(ding)”對不鏽鋼及(jí)不🙇🏻鏽鋼企業(ye)本身并沒有(you)什麼利好的(de)影響，但對不(bu)鏽鋼制成品(pin)的出口可能(neng)會是利好。